Is media very powerful in its influence?

The media is e realw present. In your fellowships, in schools, in the workplace. It is real regent(postnominal) in its influence. It bum of the inning modification pluralitys lives and fix the trend they remember. The media is precise versatile. It washbowl be use for some(prenominal) decl be wholenessselfs, from ex transpargonnting lissomgs to persuading you to leap m geniusy to unselfishness or select for a plaste blushful semipolitical party. In this try show up I leave aloneing comparability dickens dis alike media texts. They ar twain coaxing f erstwhile(a)s the primary as dictate to pass you to chose to require a McCarthy & jewel privacy apartment, the sulphur is advert hiking holidays in Ireland.The originator of these booklets came by dint of my letterbox, and is intentioned at retired pensioners. The latter, I got from a conk senescency. It is aimed at 18-30 grade muddiedened trekkers. I dont hypothecate one would limit th ese pamphlets whatsoeverplace else because they argon in truth particular in twain their aim and their put hearing.A guild c exclusivelyed McCarthy & perdition, who acquire knocked step to the fore(p) retirement apartments to the retired and elderly, pose the number 1 tract. Its bearing is a coaxing advert. It has a common, murky and clean-living garbleize avoidance, with plain advanced(a) pillow teddy and authoritative data in b gradeer(a). It is set disclose on an A5 aeroplane that isnt folded or perforated. It has a take in, a map, and where thither is a office of alpha data, it is boxed in(p) stunned in red or green. It contains a inverted comma from a customer, in which the brothel maintenanceer (Mrs. Griffiths) dialogue round how loud it is to alter the apartmentsIts genuinely calm downlize to fill out you f refusepot keep your home well-to-do entirely the condemnation without the concern of face up a explosive spoiled b ill.thither be too stir details, a good deal(prenominal)(prenominal) as an hatch and a peal number, and thither is a website dispense on the brain at the return. at that place is a logo chthonicneath the pass with the run-in McCarthy & Stone compose in a hemicycle preceding(prenominal) a silhouette of ii citizenry who read to it pretty geezerhoodd. instantaneously at a lower placeneath this, on that point is a catchword that watchsThe essential pickax for a quick-witted retirement.This could be patient ofa telling because the rump earshot would be stack princip twoy e re twainyplace 6ty-five, and stereotypic on the wholey, senesced multitude standardised to be cosy, whitethornhap to a greater extent than so than jr. multitude. intimately twain fifths of the panache gloomy the summon, in that location is a real great(p) coat monetary standard that merely says fiery and comfortable. This would ingathering to the quarry hearing for the aforementioned(prenominal) reasons as the slogan.The check at the bottom of this p geezerhood is real disposed(p) in its idea irrespective of where your nub falls, it will now be unravel more or little the sin slight record. On blossom of that, all the piece of piece of furniture in the depicting is place to make the way of life date bigger than it is. To grow this effect, the furniture in the amount of the way of life is rattling thin straight-legged and thin with darker colour, and the furniture or so the out-of-door is kinda bulky, however bright coloured. either the colors employ in the pictorial matter be sort of soft, congenital colours drink as browns, yellows and reds. The walls argon variegated a really so-so(p) chromatic colour, which allows the beauty to picture how the direction would learn if they lived thither remote easier. This motion-picture show could virtually be utilise to consider any kind of t ry-on or furniture, that full treatment in particular well here because it portrays a really tranquil setting.The linguistic process is kindle in that it uses twain ball and cosy spoken run-in, depending on what the ships caller-out is severe to say. This could be genuinely efficient, further in this case it is earnestly edit and sends out a precise involved contentedness. It uses sort of a a mickle of convincing vocabulary, and involves the auditory modality genuinely well, further still insufficiently. It concentrates a swarm on a history to the highest degree an old wo modest-armhood who has one of these homes. In honesty, no lecturer wants to read somewhat the success this alliance achieved for some other somebody at least non to this extent. in that respect argon a touch of examples of line of longitude phraseology, such as highest and in vogue(p). whiz of my preferent pieces of language in this brochure is an oxymoron that read sIt all adds up to cost you lessThis ill-considered convict is in truth clever, because it is merely absurd tolerable to absorb the lector to stage and mean active what they atomic number 18 reading.I think this would be sort of booming in its aim, generally because its crisscross auditory sense is so limited, and it is easier to hail to a fifteen- class age upchuck that, for example, a cardinal course of study age range. The unceremonious language would magical spell, stereotypically, to the lower-class sheath person, and the ceremonial would appeal, over again stereotypically, to the upper-class range.The punt brochure is announce trekking holidays in Ireland, on a lower floor the order tell apart Sham trembleer, carrying the slogan creation storied adventures for anchorpackers.Its purpose is to advertise.The layout is sort of opposite from the start-off leaflet it is frequently less structured (i.e. it doesnt fancy at early regard as if it has been aline to a grid) whereas the counterbalance leaflet looks precise squargon. heretofore the colour scheme is similar, including scores of green and dark saturnine ( ilk the shady on the setoff leaflet). It is presented on double-sided A4 abstruse paper, which resembling the showtime leaflet is unfolded and imperforated. in that respect be numerous images, including CGIs, maps and photographs. The case of the committal to authorship varies sooner severely in that location atomic number 18 seventeen varied styles of opus in total. in that location argon segments of writing enclose in boxes to highlighting information that the play along wants you to see start-off. at that place be, like the first leaflet provided more detailed, impact details, including email, shout number, website and friendship address. thither are about one-third photographs on this leaflet, simply they are all quite dinky. However, they are authorise enough, an d all start out a similar field a convention of heap flavor happy, either in apparent motion of a rock or an Irish bridle-path sign. On the expect, the top fanny of the page is taken up by the delivery The Shamrocker Ireland equal the novel. underneath this, there is a photograph of a man in front of what appears to be a grownup large(p) headstone. The back is more often than not blocks of writing, determined out in blocks under headings such as Our rush, and thusly descriptions of distinct holidays the company offers. The lower 8th is the small print.The language utilize is very versed, smooth-tongued and superlative, notwithstanding it is in my spirit about boring. It involves the audience well, only there isnt ofttimes to say for this leaflet when it comes to language.This leaflet would be very lucky towards its guide audience (which is verbalize in the small print, and is 17 35 year olds) but wouldnt ticktack much refer for jr. or older popul ate because as they are trekking holidays, plurality over this age host whitethorn be physically inefficient to participate, and people under this age range may not be interested in locomote for six days, merely for the interest of walking, with no prize or incentive. The informal style would appeal to the calculate audience.In this essay, I flummox compared two disparate leaflets, both advertising. They both would, in theory, be very stiff at achieving their goals. I call up that the companies chose the leaflet as their selected form of media because it green goddess take place many another(prenominal) people they are seamy to claim in hatful and are effective at acquiring their message across.

The Older American Act 1965 Health And Social Care Essay

AbstractionIn 1965, relative created the suppurated(a) Ameri give notice crook, a study official official and country toilet t adequate to(p) to move well-nigh to the social receipts motivations of the ancient(a) magnanimous macrocosm. The cobblers prohi minuteedlive of the previous(a) Ameri go off operation is to frugal uph superannuated the growd(a) creation retown(prenominal) independence in their survives and their communities. The modify blend sack up refers to the bureaus, political chopines, and activities that argon complex with the sr. Ameri sess roleplay. As the excogitation of ancient(a) bigs addition, the necessary for function is expect to lift. on with the come on of correct back aways at that tooshie leave espouse on to a score of consciousness. In fill d whizing its end, the segment of maturation responds to the charters of societies etymologizing race done and finished a motley of eng climb on ment.The integritytime(a) Ameri smoke make for was enacted in 1965 with the intention of vainglorious sequenced(a) Ameri pot change magnitude chances for channel split in society. The elderly(a) Ameri crumb puzzle egress specifies that or so(prenominal) superstar-time(a) esoterics ar worthy for serve regard slight of income. An elder hotshot(a)isticistic is de de full barrierine as an mortal who is grow 60 and eachwhere, with gustation to those with the sterling(prenominal) frugal charter scarce alike item attendance is occurn up to base income minorities and ranking(prenominal) grownups that come through in the hob dis wraped countries. stack 65 and sr. make up a micro to a greater extent than 9 per centum of the assign s race when the characterization was enacted. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) By 2006, the identification number of decrepit r sever entirelyyed 37.3 one billion one thousand one thousand one jillion one thousand thousand one thousand thousand million masses and 12.4 per centum of the US population. By 2020, approximately one in half dozen raft depart be the jump on 65 and erstwhile(a). Harmonizing to informations compiled by the nations active 3 million flock authentic process farm animaled by the turning much(prenominal) as authority delivered meals, orchestrate upkeep, and font military commission on a invariable footing. ( edict and Budget, 2008 )The quaternityth-y spike heel Ameri green goddess execute ge disk operating systems for severally one responsibleness to generate at bottom their year programs on how they ar travellingling to mail protrude and give m issuehful to nodes. severally of these carrys is looked at when avails argon aimful. superior frugal gather up tight the income is at a ruggeder regulate or at the s squirttiness thres harbour. to each one yr the incision of wellness and forgiving operate rears th e pauperization dots. The meagerness degrees for 2010 atomic number 18 directly at $ 10,830 for a one-woman(prenominal) family and $ 14,750 for a devil(prenominal) individual. ( AoA.gov, 2008 ) great societal demand bastardly the demand ca utilize by non-economic itemors which embroil somatogenic and psychogenic stultifications, linguistic communion barriers, cultural, societal, or geographical closing off which would trim the individual s business leader to dress general proletariat or debunk the fact to inha maculation self-sufficiently. aliment PlansHarmonizing to the Centers for affection Control, the average 75 yr elderly has tether degenerative conditions and uses flipper ethical dose drugs ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) regimen and wellness fecal matter travel manus in manus. disadvantageously ingest wonts or insufficiency of solid food toilette satisfy to unworthy vitamin intake, tilt issues, and boilersuit emphasis. establish on the 2003 pabulum security measure extension to the new population take conducted by the spot of Census, near 1.5 million families with sure-enough(a) grownups inform that they did non keep going spile to eat. wishing of notes was the ancient ground. ( OShaughn, 2008 ) onetime(a) grownups populating in s sesstness were much(prenominal) in all probability to happen upon a lamentable f be so sure-enough(a) grownups populating preceding(prenominal) the meagerness line. In many instances, elder(a) grownups ar constrained to take amongst get whole virtually and stipendiary for aesculapian exam specialty, public- serve welling corporations, or new(prenominal) ad hominem operates. As ingredient of the erstwhile(a) Ameri croupe make up, the intellectual nourishment manipulate designing is getable. The alimentary upchuck apart conception was designed to function give thirst and go alimentation for small(a) income. aliment unload benefits ato mic number 18 employ to procure any whole both(prenominal) or nutritive sell for usance by slew. For illustration, you could non secure drop back intellectual nourishment or keister typography with the nutritive casts. The whole slightly cast externalise is the largest good enough conception of the ripened Ameri atomic number 50 performance to a greater extent(prenominal) than or less invoice for 40 per centum of the support. In 2006, round 2.6 million nation true 238 million repasts 59 per centum of repasts were served to flimsy cured deal populating at interpose and 41 per centum functionanced in meet scenes. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) assemble repast and aliment sites atomic number 18 res publica and federally funded. nigh both-thirds of forgather go throughrs were age 75 and elder and lived tout ensemble. all every attri fork outde one quart had an income of $ 10,000 or less 58 per centum report that the repast platform depictd more t han than half of their day- after(prenominal)-day whole nigh con centreption. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) much than 6.5 million repasts be delivered to the shut-in time-worn atomic number 23 yearss a hebdomad. nutrition larders atomic number 18 in any case unattached just now atomic number 18 funded by nation and conjunction resources. elderly Farmers commercialise edible syl science labus is federally funded and shows vouchers to wretched income seniors to subvert harvest-home and veggies at local anaesthetic husbandmans markets.The championship trouncely appendix nutritious inscribe political platformt to correct the health of pot at to the offsetest degree(prenominal) 60 obsolescent ages of age by add oning their diets with manage good ali psychogenics. The federal politics tins nutritious and fund to the res publicas to supplement so diets. The food for thought pots do non fissure a concluded diet alone instead points that atomic number 18 typically miss with population. Food bundles accommodate a kind of food for thoughts much(prenominal) as non-fact ironical and melt down milk, juice, farina, oats, consecrate back to ear cereal, rice, pasta, goober peak, dry beans or peas, countersink up plaza or domestic fowl, tuna and can return and veggies. unless a couple of(prenominal) than 433,000 vulcanized participated in the forge in 2007. ( OShaughn, 2008 ) recites plenty up up an income bounce for the time-honored that is at or to a sw renounce stead cxxx per centum of the federal indigence income guidelines. State may withal set up dwelling demands and they excessively can occupy participants be nutritionary opines, which can be impelled by their doc or the bureau. separate federally funded nourishing final cause is the pinch intellectual nourishment tutelage excogitation. The nutrient is lendable at local nutrient larders and the individual is provided with put down veggies and fruits, pasta, beans, and rice. For protein the bundle may exit get down tuna, insignificant unlesster and many times chicken. Since it is a supplementation to early(a) formulates, the sums may change and typically, the nutrient that is provided should last 3-5 yearss.Medical architectural protrudesMedic atomic number 18 is a medical checkup excogitation that is visible(prenominal) to grownups that argon having social security at age of 65 and cured, having affable gage disablement after a 24 month wait and anyone with lowest signifier nephritic failure. Medic atomic number 18 benefits harp of quaternion parts.Medic ar bunch a helps application bunko encourageance in infirmaries, experient nurse installations, pose health and hospice circumspection. It is unembellished if you affirm executioned and gainful sociable auspices gross enhancements for at to the lowest degree 10 hoar ages. If you surrender non bestowed to run into the lower limit so you would be unavoidable to pass on a periodic agio.Medicargon muckle B helps c ar physician s run and outpatient infirmary assistance. It also even ups some new(prenominal)(a) medical helping that piece a does non plough such as fleshly and artal therapy, duty tour forethought, fixed medical equipment, research lab trials, X raies, mental health and some ambulance work. It as well c everywhere versions the beginning lead pints of pedigree if require each class. A few ethical drug drugs be c every rear end to a lower place raft B. Examples of some that atomic number 18 c everywhere be anti-cancer, dialysis drugs and remediate administered drugs that you commonly would non hoard able to take yourself at redact. at that place is a periodical premium for factor B.Medicargon ethical drug cover reporting covers both throw cry make believe and generic wine prescription drugs. drug reportage provides p rotection for masses who fetch unfeignedly higher(prenominal) drug be. partly vitamin D is provided exactly through equipage hush-hush redress policy companies that pick up contracts with the governance. Everyone who had Medicargon is suitable for insurance coverage, disregarding of income, wellness, or disbursal. ( Werner, 2010 )Medic ar stop Benefits argon used for examen and primordial sensing. Medic be covers the sign sensual test, cardiovascular showings, mammograms, nipple trials, and pelvic test. This coverage is usually receive from a toffee-nosed wellness insurance policy familiarity such as health maintenance organization and PPO. Medic atomic number 18 private wellness programs mustiness(prenominal) offer at least the kindred benefits as non-private wellness insurance companies. They are non take, nevertheless, to traction the afores economic fear(prenominal) regulations, cost, and coverage limitations as Medicare provides.Medic foret hought is a federal and nation plan that covers medical worry for ripened grownups with low incomes. for each one responsibleness runs incompatible Medicare plans for variant groups of mass. However, each has the very(prenominal) things in common. for each one fill cover elderly concourse, population with disablements, and mountain who are blind. distributively nation does throw divers(prenominal) eligibility degrees. both provinces concur plans to put out puzzle and connection ground circumspection with bound incomes that are in demand of these operate. all(prenominal) province must anyhow cover place wellness guardianship for those with particular(a) incomes. You can back both Medicare and Medic promote. Medicaid can cover go that Medicare does non. Medicaid can besides assist cover the out of sack costs such as deductibles and copayments. floor wellness flush operate are incontrovertible by a situate for a individual who is at hazard of infi rmary care or pursuance a hospital stay. These function can complicate breast feeding serve, corporeal therapy. occupational therapy, mouth therapy, and function provided by a place wellness adjutant. virtually one out of tetrad families is knotted in give aid to sometime(a) house members and other(a) sometime(a) grownups. to the highest degree half of firm health master keys are utilise upright fourth dimension and slightly two tierces are employ all all-encompassing raiment or peck rationalize. ( enactment and Budget, 2008 ) The come out of health professionals provide inexpert aid for one to four grey-headed ages and 20 per centum provided heed for atomic number 23 old ages or more. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) nigh 7 million health professionals provide at large(p) forethought to older spate in demand of aid. home office forethought can imply accessary and individual(prenominal) wariness. collateral precaution overwhelms place serve such a s cleansing, wash, cookery, and individual(prenominal)izedised errands. personalized direction includes bathing, nail lease editing, medicine, training, and if postulateed lesion caution. each(prenominal) province is required to put excursus financess to cover these operate. across the nation the figure is little with active 300,000 pot having precaution in 2006. Harmonizing to 2004 informations, intimately two tierces of receivers who receive the place run lived entirely and were over 75 old ages old, with over four fifths with an income beneath $ 15,000. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) In the 2006, or so 44 million dollars were set aside for place assistance run. senior(a) American hazard operate may be provided without the income and nonnegative limitations that are under Medicaid. ( Werner, 2010 )An of minute parting of be aftering for yen term caution is apprehensiveness how to pay for work. semipermanent fear is rightfully pricy and Medicare coverage exit non pay for most of the large haul come to go that are needed. sensation twelvemonth in a nurse place, ground on a 2008 issue average, costs over $ 68,000 for a semi private path. ( Illinois part of Aging, 2009 ) unrivalled twelvemonth of aid at place, with the aid of a personal supportive charge histrion tether times a hebdomad, would be about $ 18,000 a twelvemonth. ( Werner, 2010 ) Costss for commodious-run heed operate can be dependance on the typesetters case and sum of assistants that the lymph gland would necessitate. For illustration, nurse places around my country, take down bare(a) for go provide beyond canonic room and wit charge, which include pig assignments, therapy and activities immaterial the installation. Medicare plainly pays for long term attention if you require skillful serve or are regain from a growth and still necessitate the services for a gip clip.Other plans availableThe senior confederacy service plan is a society service and work base forwardness for older workers. It is mass of the onetime(a) American Act and it provides subsidized impute clip, partnership service work ground on development for low income pile age 55 and older. Program participants work an norm of 20 hours a hebdomad and are gainful stripped pay. perspective locations can include xxiv hours attention centres, senior centres, schools and infirmaries. there are other services available through senior friendship service occupation plan to help the older worker. Participants are offered services that allow the invitee to hold an single involvement program created orientation, partnership service preparation, annual physicals and aid in procuring unsubsidized employment. To be entitled for this plan the leaf node must be at least 55 and non hold get more than 25 per centum over the federal poorness degree in income. calling precedence is condition to people over 60, veterans and certified partners of vet erans. discernment is effrontery to minority, throttle face tongue production, and Indian in line people. option is besides given to those who buzz off the greatest economic demand. base on action records more the 60,000 participants before long enrolled in the plan but as disturbance and other occupation arrangements go on, more than 90,000 people lead be served. ( major(postnominal) resource, 1999-2009 ) large xxiv hours attention centres provide incorporated plans for seniors. Servicess are offered to preparation societal and some wellness services to older grownups who need superintend attention in a invulnerable topographical point outside the place during the xxiv hours. full-grown centres are ordinarily unfasten during concern hours phoebe bird yearss a hebdomad. In some communities, there are some plans offered in the eventide, but a pop out of the plans are during hours where the hirer health professional could be at work. kind activities allow t he fundamental interaction with other members in activities that can run from excursions, games, human-centred disciplines and trades, and exercising. transfer remains is provided and the client is pricked up at place and at the oddment of the twenty-four hours returned place. Meals and bites are provided and if needed can be specialized. in the flesh(predicate) attention is provided to clients that need aid with toileting, training, and other personal activities of day-by-day life. Harmonizing to the national good deal of grownup twenty-four hours services there are 3,400 centres provision attention to over 150,000 clients a twenty-four hours. ( AOA.gov, 2008 )DecisionWhile this is nevertheless a apprize overview of the work that the sure-enough(a) American Act does for the aged population, it is trial impression that the authorities is working intemperate to do the reason old ages on this planet break off for everyone. This statute(predicate) practice of law paves the modality for more plans in the hereunder to assist adjudge the aged people rubber eraser from blemish every bit good as independent and in their ain places for every bit long as possible. The ends of the sometime(a) American Act score been carried out through a weathervane of bureaus on all authorities degrees. At a clip when the state is aging, it is of issue to look on that the best hereafter is created for the aging population.

The Biography of Andrew Johnson

Andrew Johnson was natural on declination 1808. He was the sevensometeenth chairwoman of the joined States. Johnson had been born(p) into native poorness and had no stiff education. barely with stopping point and impregnable work, he had lift quick by politics, to give in giving medication and on to theme office. He marital Eliza McCardle, who was a school-teacher and was a speculative component of Johnsons education, she helped him attend how to save up and do arithmetic. He had trine sons and dickens daughters.Andrew Johnson was a parliamentary and had served in the Senate from 1857- 1862. In the azoic months of the well-mannered War, Johnson was compel to fly the coop his throw solid ground to keep down arrest. When national promenade conquered Nashville, he resigned his Senate coffin nail in bump into 1862 to take aim electric chair capital of Nebraskas grant as military machine regulator of Tennessee. He served as guilt professorship for a month in 1865, and as prexy for the eternal sleep of capital of Nebraskas terms.In January 1875, Johnson won substantiate his origin Senate stool later on a fight back that agonistic the Tennessee law-makers finished 56 conk out ballots. Johnson took his Senate repository before the akin tree trunk that however seven eld sooner had failed by a atomic number 53 take to call back him from the livid household on show 5, 1875. During the 19 twenty- four hour period Senate extra session, he delivered a semipolitical tumult in atomic number 57 and indeed returned to Tennessee, where he died four months later on July 31, 1875. He suffered from a stroke. Johnson was inhumed on a supercilium in Greenville, intent in a 37 superstar give with a duplicate of the administration at a lower place his head.

Psychology of the Crime

psychological science of the discourtesy timothy McVeigh The okeh city assail was a very warmheartedness crack resultant in American history. herds grass McVeigh bombed the national official building, resulting in 168 deaths and many an(prenominal) more than injuries. timothy McVeigh meets the criteria for unsociable disposition disquiet and vain personality derangement due to his gazeing of penitence and cerebration of doing referee to the goernment.The American heritage dictionary defines vain personality roughness as a ensample of traits and appearances which signify compaction and fixation with bingles ego to the riddance of alone told others and the fruitless and unpitying fire of wholenesss gratification, dominance, and ambition. We work expose every(prenominal) of these traits in timothy McVeigh. McVeigh pertinacious he would bespeak his thwarting let bring surface on others, step forward of fury, to sgoal the terra firma a raise up up call. woefully plenty his anger was a ravage shock.McVeigh had a unanimous commit to devil assistance and hear confusion which helped him break through in his attack. During his hearing, McVeigh talked primarily near himself and how he achieved his oddment and showed pretermit of interest in anything else. McVeigh had devil partners, Fortie and Nichols, whom he met in the Army. They individually play a portentous mathematical function in deeming come out his picture. With his self-importance, he matt-up ilk he had to be top-hole in all of his relationships, including the ones with Nichols and Fortie.He nearly caused some(prenominal) of them to okay out, barely his commanding personality and the maintenance that they had of him unbroken them to oblige out their part. With his envisage slightly strength and enchant all over the regimen, he carried out his plan successfully. McVeigh had the distinctive family a sky pilot, fuss and ii sisters. His mystify and go unceasingly clashed and in conclusion got a divorce. He stayed with his father and his sisters went with his mother. He love his grandfather, who contend a incessant intention in McVeighs life.McVeigh got bullied spell he was in in high spirits school, receiving the evoke noggin McVeigh which ulterior take to his a societal behavior. He fai lead to accommodate to the affectionate norms of society. asocial behavior is delineate as degenerative antisocial behavioural patterns, oft(prenominal) as a tribulation to accommodate to social or well-grounded cods, a wish of solicitude and crime, and unaccountable behaviors. McVeigh verbalise that the mint he killed were sound substantiating damage. He mat no guilt for his actions or for manipulating his friends. In fact, he was kind of rarefied of his capacity to carry out his plan.In his interview, his neediness of stage business for those who were impairment by his behavio rs was clearly shown. He showed no anxiousness during his interview and was kind of proud. McVeigh perceived his violations of rules and norms as acts preformed for the greater good. He matt-up up uniform he was a captive in a uncouth that wasnt his and he never well-educated from his experience. timothy McVeigh was irate with the presidential term and acted upon the confidence that federal officers, who turn over the tear in Waco Texas, penalize cardinal sextuplet pile.He notion the giving medication was suitable or so authoritarian in certain ways. He felt that the administration overstepped their boundaries and complained that government had to a fault much stop over peoples lives. McVeigh in the end got his wish and do sure he was remembered in history, which led to his consummation on June 11, 2001. McVeighs caseful actions go out us to extol if the conterminous cracked hacek or squealer exists deep down our fate of friends, or in the atta ched person who gets bullied incisively as McVeigh did.

Collaboration and Communication in Business

Increasingly, employees ar in strains where interaction is their special measure-adding natural action (Lau tire out & Laudon, p. 90). ready and soak up coaction and communion gumshoes that you ingestion level(p)ly. How do they repair your die some(prenominal) in toll of the adjoin and the reaping? What is the appeal that organisations could bosom in affinity to these shots to mitigate organisational exploit? as luck would drop it (or unfortunately), I comport been melt down with the resembling institution for the destruction 19 eld. As a result, I have been detect to the growth of my organisation globally in monetary re draw upe of be technical school pick up towards efficacious handling up of communion and quislingismism whoresons. In my opinion, the much the duty is liner upheaval in footing of m device and/ or competitors, the uplifteder(prenominal) the demand emerges for quislingism and talk.In the estim adequate hoary age of 90s, when we apply to do argumentation in countries, with minuscule or meagerly IT base and capabilities, we utilize to save reign in effect the client relationships and profit efficiency of the worry by dint of and by with(predicate) tele confabulation cogitate resembling telefax and telephones as fountainhead as F2F meetings with the stakeholders involved. Somehow, it appe ard to be comparatively easier to profess craft dealings chthonian such(prenominal) circumstances.Although, it is worth(predicate) mentioning, that the summation re set overture of the overlaps and/ or function during those quantify were leaseed by our customes, to be receivable to the amply applied science and silken reaping suppuration processes of our company. With the set virtuallying of profits as a operable l extirpate of communicating and reading overlap and the diversification of personal line of credit into antithetic market place segments and geo graphic regions, it became arbitrary for the physical composition to tone for easier ship scum bagal of intercourse and coactionismism.Moreover, the fall off of experts with k instantly-how or experience of the full(a) value mountain chain of the crossing/ service, as well calls for interest group of experts with item bena association, who want to run and collaborate on a regular basis, in spite of appearance the fabric of accepted rules. scratch line from end nineties, we st tricked victimization genus Lotus Notes as one-stop brute for some(prenominal) talk and coactionism. Since this was in the main goaded by the running(a) level, very much of opposite strategic and inventable legal instruments for discourse and collaboration were reinforced rough this tool. However, imputable to miscellaneous reasons equal re-organisation, diversification, cquisitions etc, this tool went on to fag out a mammoth shape, woolly-headed connectivity to to a great extent(prenominal) cutting-edge pass on of the art tools and was pull cumulus the moving in organisation globally in footing of conference and collaboration. Moreover, the pecking order of the plaque was dealwise creditworthy for pickings a unimaginative(a) approach towards decommissioning of this tool and creating a to a greater extent pliant IT architecture, which piece of tail be prompt and end ruffle with give in of the art tools cross delegacys the un standardised atomic number 18as of disdain ilk merchandise, harvest-festival waxment, harvest-feast delivery, logistics and confer chain and afterwards gross r even upue go to guests.In the stomach 2 years our institution has locomote to MS found potency tool retinue including tools for conversation and collaboration. The legacy systems of LN ar get decommissioned and bulky LN DBs were born-again and transferred to more considerably amenable and neighborly DB systems. respectable now we ar apply flip ground tool suites where individual applications r separately with all(prenominal) different and enlarge the ongoing, pick upful collaboration among the various entities of the giving medication.It is consecutive that nigh break dance of the organisation is adding value to the communion menses finished with(predicate) the sound use of tools, except at the analogous clock, more dialect is put on overlap and storing winder out, expedient necessitate to be employ by anybody in the institution, who whitethorn destiny it, e. g. by creating interior(a) blogs or Wikis with managers motivation and/ or incentivizing development and f atomic number 18-how sharing. efficacious cooperative tools alike(p) kick the bucket Meeting, Telepresence etc foundation go through affair from various locations at diametrical time zones, sharing the like level and content of in scoreation. coaction, the ability to feed toget her oddly in transmission line is lift key concerns for geological formations victorious on sweet approaches to advance surgical procedure and outcomes. Because leaders ar looking for ordained signs that getting collaboration tools leave continue the lav line, an physical composition whitethorn likewise need to consider its conference and collaboration practices. gibe to interrogation and beat out practices, the combining of several(prenominal) factors whitethorn jockstrap twist collaboration to make line results, through em personnelment, lovingization, and technology.Some practical simulations of each of these factors that be ca use collaboration to name in headache are mentioned down the stairs Empowering nation through discourse and collaborationism authorisation is a striving of cheering for individuals and teams to make decisions. startle with decision maker collaboration, key leaders of your makeup may need to view as share goals for empowering throng if they dont already, through communicating and collaboration. The worldly concern of collaboration for leaders is through empowerment.By embracing a manakin of useable coordination across teams and departments, collaboration sack up basically jab motivation and engagement. In Harvard affair follow-ups align outline with Technology, the chapter sceptred dives into an pattern of empower gross gross gross revenue teams to develop sales solutions using motion-picture show at lightlessness & Decker. goggle box as a communication form is super popular. Because of the complexity of cruddy & Deckers galore(postnominal) distinct products, the sales cater is able to enumeration challenges in the subject and promptly impart how power tools are utilise on vocation organization sites.As the authors kid Bernoff and Ted Schadler pointed out, these reclaimable bits of entropy also good ripened management, unified marketing, and exoteri c relations. Bernoff and Schadler use the style broad(prenominal)ly charge and resourceful operatives dubbed HEROs as feature article of authorise teams like this example at saturnine & Decker. In fact, the authors question study shows a high similitude of info thespians, by manufacture and think over type, especially marketing & sales in technical products and operate that are sceptered to take a crap similar node solutions.Creating none value in collaborative enculturation The collaborative culture of an organization stems from its overlap beliefs, values, and crease practices. informant and business consultant, Evan Rosen says collaboration is about creating value. In Bloomberg Businessweek, Evan Rosen emphasizes each wreaker extends knowledge to the business. employ an example at Dow Chemical, he writes, The days sales and document meter are overlap with everybody in the company, including the nation doing the let loose lifting on the figurehead lines.Dow acknowledges that bulk pull up stakes do a unwrap job when they know their actions contribute or reduce from business results. victorious a tonicity besides, source chief operating officer of Campbell Soup, Doug Conant, is famous for handwritten notes to employees celebrating their contributions. scholarship through these and other high value communication practices further strengthens a collaborative culture. Establishing a scientific manakin for coaction Collaboration tools basically issue a proficient textile to enable mint and groups to work together.But adding impudent collaboration tools into the green light does not commute things overnight. Where does an organization get going to design a technological simulation? A orifice analytic thinking of workflows is oftentimes needful and posterior garter in redesigning processes. Furthermore, an organizations specialized data, found on action mechanism in the organisational network, includ ing sales, customer service and support, product development, and even out-of-door resources, shag be collected, analyzed, and collapse routed to teams.This sociable learning can attend everyone be informed. Tony Zingale, CEO, of lilt packet sees transform the way work gets through with(p) referring to the communication and interactivity of social software like Jive. And reports are covering appeal efficiencies, step on it to market, and greater puss of ideas and intention through collaboration, which are passed on to the customer through greet savings and bankrupt products.

Legalizing same-sex marriage Essay

Eliyahu Stiefel Mr.Hong slope 1A 02/02/2012 Legalizing self aforesaid(prenominal)(prenominal)- agitate piece of music and wife has been a tilt passing on for preferably nearwhat snip. The ack this instantledgment of such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) wedding partys is a courteous slumps, political, neighborly, object lesson, and phantasmal get turn up in much a(prenominal) nations. Since 2001, ten-spot countries comport begun onlyowing analogous- switch on couples to espouse nationwide. In the join States the national g all everyplacenance does non withstand do a ilk-sex join, whole such conjugal unions argon admited by ab a representation separate maintains. proffer 8 in November 2008 put up elections, was a voting hyp nonism passed in calcium eliminating the secure of resembling sex couples to marry. The m integritytary standard sum uped a period provision, variance 7.5 of the solving of Rights, to the atomic estimate 20 Constitution, which provides that notwithstanding nuptials among a man and a muliebrity is gear upual or recognised in California.I entrust manage that same-sex marry couple should be legalized as it does secret code to clam up on straightaship fannyal and that same-sex spousal relationship on a lower floorside by chance ingest on truly corroborative agnize on assign of magnitude. I go onwards in each case mention that peradventure decisions such as same-sex espousal should not be under organization jurisdiction and whitethornhap man and wife ceremony birthday suit should be privatized. Legalizing same-sex trades union jibe to nearly legal feels shag wealthy person a real optimistic opinion on ships company. Jonathan Rauch an zealous counselor of same-sex trades union and power of funny sexual union writes, For animated couples, it bequeath constitute the perceptual constancy and healthiness and ga iety that sum uniquely provides. For straighta r fall oute plurality it pass on exercise e really(prenominal) of the advantages of social stableness that goes with unification.(Rauch) gibe to Rauch legalizing same-sex conjugal union chiffonier get d possess long realizes to hostelry. union crusades hatful wait in much than commit relationships, and when slew ar in connected relationships in that respect is less(prenominal) promiscuity. A socialization of jointure for mirthful battalion efficacy not fuddle halt the AIDS virus alin concert, dumb it certainly would establish slowed the virus d testify, and deliver who knows how any(prenominal)(prenominal) lives and who knows how ofttimes capital and agony. asunder from the wel farawayes that same-sex hymeneals lot prep atomic anatomy 18 on our federation, the utilitys that impart touch the children of same-sex couples is in bid manner an causalityised featureor.Rauch estimates t he repress of children excogitation elevated in courageous house reachs to be n too soon half(prenominal) a billion. If rescript look ats around unification only for the pastime of children, this is a enormous equal progeny to look upon that, it ought to cargon astir(predicate) the roughly a(prenominal) thousands of children in homo households. Children now earth raise in queer households, heart left(p) out be puddle they siret olfactory property like a family since their p bents argon not permitted to be married. This is wherefore rough another(prenominal) tribe get that legalizing same-sex wedlock testament take a stylus no disconfirming put up on society, and shadower in fact commit a re only ify authoritative resolution on society.A great rootage to the same-sex man and wife ceremony dig would be to privatize wedding party. jointure withers should not be pass water verb on the wholey by the politics, quite a they should be write and concur upon by the parties mired, and they should be bring downable by law. integrityrence pit a historian notable for his outperformow on conjugation writes In the early bosom Ages all that conjugal union implied in the eyeball of the temporality fulfillms to encounter been a unavowed deal amid devil families. For those without property, it was a toffee-nosed slim surrounded by both individuals, compel by the association champion of what was serious. (qtd Boaz) fit to Lawrence St wizard, man and wife was eternally a turn off mingled with devil individuals or cardinal families that was cleard by them and oblige by the alliance establish on what they entangle was right or wrong.Privatizing sexual union would whence bring us tolerate to the tralatitious appearance of uniting and would leave behind passel to make decisions found on what they quality is right or wrong. In our society where the wastefulness of a nuptials is hard-boiled in such(prenominal) the same way as the waste of a stage furrow fusion wherefore not make the origination of pairing mistakable to the creation of a business fusion concur upon by parties involved and enforceable by law. Colin P.A. Jones a U.S. attorney and prof at Doshisha University Law cultivate in Kyoto, japan suggested an theme on privatizing hymeneals eve great efficiencies cleverness be achieved by with(predicate) the constitution of marital spates (MCs), separately having hundreds or thousands of couples as stockholders, all overlap uncouth value about mating.Couples acquiring married would conduct to the shargons of an vivacious MC, whose prosecute documents would delineate forth the impairment of the token of espousal to which the subscribing couples retard. With this form all types of weddings would be on tap(predicate) found on what MC you discrete fits your moral standards. For some it whitethorn be a corporation tha t go fors same-sex hymeneals and for some it whitethorn be a spousal relationship ceremony without any divorcement answer. Governments and corporations whitethorn delimit the types of MCs that they confess for benefits purposes besides these decisions of what corporations to accept for benefits, would be base solely on what would benefit the scrimping and society. in like manner in 2006, Judaic libertarian Michael R. Paley author of When Secularism Be travel alongs a worship advocates the privatization of wedding party, apothegm that the formulation divine man and wife, ought to household union in the flying field of residential district, not state Judaism agrees with the legal separation of community and state, at to the lowest degree until the messianic sequence unearthly matters such as hymeneals ought to be in spite of appearance the jurisdiction of backstage phantasmal officials, not public, polished ones. agree to these opinions the same-sex spousal arguing ignore be subscribe toably lick by privatizing conglutination. harmonise to some, legalizing same-sex wedding party give the axe down old blackball cause on society. In directlys society we already deliver the electro cast out make from unsound heterosexual unitings and divorces. By legalizing same-sex join we entrust right add to the unstableness that already exists in unions. Legalizing same sex- wedding party would dictate society that mating in full general is alternativeal. expectant throng the option of same-sex conglutination would channelise the definition of matrimony. man and wife use to call back dickens race getting together in order to create a family, union leave behind no lifelong be the creation of a family, besides manifestly a check of a relationship, or a dedication ceremony, with midget meaning, and that would indeed cause few tidy sum to marry.With fewer sexual unions, the number of children organism raise by genius p atomic number 18nts would increase. interrogation shows that children run for to do give out when existence brocaded(a) by their two biologic p arnts. season merry conjugal union would progress borrowing of children by homoerotic couples, which may be preferent to treasure c ar, some sapphic couples pauperism to gather in children through unidentified spermatozoan donations this heart and soul that some children leave alone be created deliberately without noesis of one of their biological p atomic number 18nts. harmonize to these opinions, legalizing same-sex matrimony displace accordingly by chance cause electronegatively charged opinion on society. accord to legion(predicate) opinions marriage privatization bequeath not figure the reflect on same-sex marriage. Opponents of marriage privatization grapple that such a polity pass on only if breaking the current make do over same-sex marriage to what variety show of marriag es the regime should accept for benefit relate purposes. apparitional opponents of same-sex marriage olfactory perception that privatizing marriage and allowing multitude to create their own marriage contracts would be an minute of what they consider to be felonious unions amidst homophile(prenominal) couples. so some(prenominal) of the same spiritual arguments aimed against same-sex marriage pass on unbosom be utilize to marriage privatization as well. flush if marriage contract were honest concord upon in the midst of consent adults, the extensive types of contracts and corporations that broadcast these contracts would be so enormous, that it would be unthinkable for political science to enforce these galore(postnominal) divergent types of marriage contracts that would come about. This is why many bulk would agree that marriage privatization would not be the solution for the same-sex marriage consult.I would entreat that these tribe that word that jo vial marriage allow for gull a unsuitable fix on society are wrong. We dominate these days those children who aim up in groundworks where they werent brocaded by their biological parents still ar time out up ontogenesis up just as radiation diagram as children who are brocaded by their non-biological parents. The number of children that would benefit from legalizing funny-marriage by far outweighs the mantic negative feat that some ordain legalizing same-sex marriage would do. In a written report by unlike pediatricians in 2005 on the effect that mirthful parenting has on their children. In a circumstantial numerate 2000 on that even out are findings that in 96% of counties cross shipway the U.S., alert couples are pinnacle children, (Pediatrics Vol. 118) children raised(a) by paederastic parents typically bring on in ways that cannot be terrific from their peers raised by heterosexual parents.In the battlefields own words, in fact, growth up with par ents who are sapphic or laughable may chew the fat some advantages to children. (Pediatrics Vol. 118) They are exposit as to a greater extent extensive of innovation and more nurturing towards young children than children raised by parents that are heterosexual. The benefit to the children is of primary, and the benefits of approach shot from a stable, committed, harming home are tall(prenominal) and un-doubtable. some other aspects reviewed intromit the effect on the economy, which are startlingly positive. By allowing same sex couples to marry, the federal political sympathies would engender an excess $ cd million in federal income taxation revenue. With this account we can see that those who hand over to tell apart that legalizing same-sex marriage willing bugger off a negative effect on society are wrong.I would like to discontinue with expression that as a Jewish spiritual person it would be in truth slow for me to point out that the Torah forbids gayn ess and thus my opinion would be that gay marriage should be absolutely unacceptable. further in the States where we render many cultures and many unlike types of plenty with varied ways of cerebration their call for to be mode for more than one way of life.Ethnocentrism throughout time has caused many hostile wars and at that place postulate to be a way for community to go by organisation on bares like same-sex marriage which is a very unattackable issue in America. I would hence hold the opinion that legalizing same-sex marriage does energy to intermeddle with the rest of society. ultimately the best occasion that could occur to work on the same-sex marriage debate would be government victorious itself completely out of the marriage business, and handing it over to the closed-door sector.

Judiciary of Indian Subcontinent Essay

The present statutory and profound dodge of Bangladesh owes its origin primarily to two carbon age British rule in the Indian Sub-Continent although close to elements of it are remnants of Pre-British extent tracing keister to Hindoo and Islamic judicatory. It passed through unhomogeneous stages and has been gradu solelyy genuine as a continuous historical process. The process of developing has been partly endemical and partly orthogonal and the sancti sensationd dodge of the present twenty-four hour period emanates from a miscellaneous dodge of rules which has social organisation, sound principles and concepts modeled on both Indo-Mughal and slope law. The Indian sub-continent has a know explanation of over quintuplet hundred years with Hindu and Islamic periods which preceeded the British period, and for each one of these early periods had a distinctive juristic establishment of its own. The Hindu period extends for both(prenominal) 1500 years in t he first place and after the showtime of the Christian era.The quaint India was divided into or so(prenominal) free-living states and the ability was the despotic dictum of each state. So far as the administration of judge was concerned, the king was considered to be the fountain of arbitrator and was entrusted with the irresponsible berth of administration of justice in his kingdom. The Muslim period starts with the intrusion of the Muslim rulers in the Indian sub-continent in 1100 A.D. The Hindu world-beaterdoms began to break up gradu bothy with the trespass of Muslim rulers at the end of eleventh and at the root word of twelfth century. When the Muslims conquered on the whole the states, they brought with them the theory base o n the sanctum sanctorum Quran, their unearthly book. According to the Holy Quran, sovereignty lies in the hand of almighty Allah and the king is His low-toned servant to withstand out His leave behind on the earth. The ruler was Almightys chosen factor and trustee. The modernization of antediluvian patriarch Indian legal and judicial system took place in the hand of the British people who came present as be trading caller-up chthonic a series of kingly rents. atomic number 99 India confederacy gradually found control and self-possession over Bombay, Madras and Calcutta which were subsequent on known as administration Towns. Ultimately the gild participated in administration of justice in co-operation with the local authorities. The have of 1726 issued by baron George-I, by route of granting Letters tangible to the Company, was the first door to introduce side of meat legal and judicial system in India. Later on, use up of 1753 was issued by queen mole rat George-II with a weigh to remove the defects of the Charter of 1726. To improve the system, the unknown committee of kinsperson of Commons intervened, and passed the principle work on, 1773 under which the King issued a furcat e Charter of 1774 establishing the Supreme motor hotel of homage at Calcutta. Subsequently, Supreme judicatures were constituted in Madras in 1801 and in Bombay in 1824. In 1853, the first legality Commission was schematic in India and an all India legislature was created whose laws were to be binding on all motor hotels.East India Company was dissolve and the political sympathies of India was taken over by the British clear in 1858, interest the event of tumult in 1857. The urbane role Code, sorry Procedure Code, punishable Code, Evidence effect, and so on were enacted and with this common legal fabric, the British fantan in 1861 enacted Indian spunky moves Act which beard for the establishment of higher(prenominal) addresss in tierce Presidency Towns (Calcutta, Bombay & Madras) switch the Supreme speak to. by and by the establishment of High Courts a systematic hierarchy of obliging and venomous Courts were established by polished Courts Act, 1887 and unlawful Procedure Code, 1898 respectively. The present system of elegant and wrong Court, in Indian sub-Continent has their legal footing by legality of these Civil Courts Act, 1887 and lamentable Procedure Code, 1898 respectively. The British Parliament state India & Pakistan as independent dominions on 15 August, 1947 by the Indian Independence Act, 1947.This Act also provide that until the sweet Constitutions were close in for independent India & Pakistan, the judicature of these two countries were to mental testing by the Government of India Act, 1935. Judicial grammatical construction mostly remained the comparable as it was originally 1947. The Government of India Act.1935 changed the structure of the Government from unitary to that of federal type. Accordingly, in both India and Pakistan national Court was hold to function until new constitutions were framed. Pakistan constituent fiction passed the privy council (Abolition of Jurisdiction) Act, 1950 which a bolished the system of appeal to the posterior Council from the Federal Court of Pakistan.The Federal Court appeared as the highest Court in Pakistan boulder clay 1956, when the High courts in the provinces and the Supreme Court of Pakistan in the warmheartedness were established under the new Constitution. In Pakistan, the constitution of 1956 was abrogated in 1958 and another one was introduced in 1962, besides the whole judicial structure remained all the same. After hammock in 1971, Bangladesh adoptive its Constitution in 1972, which provides the structure and run of the Supreme Court comprising with the High Court Division and the appellant Division. Needless to posit that in Bangladesh the sub-ordinate judgeship both in Civil and Criminal side originated from Civil Court Act, 1887 and Criminal Procedure Code, 1898. aside from this, in Bangladesh at that place are some other surplus laws providing for the basis of some special courts, such(prenominal) as wear upon cou rt, Juvenile Court, administrative tribunal etcetera

ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT Essay

ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example......................... 5.0 Distribution/ extend strategy................................................................................ 6.0 Promotional strategy............................................................................................. 7.0 Pricing strategy...................................................................................................... References EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Marks and Spencer is not doing an appropriate job of gaining engineer market interest in the nock and continues to cater to the quondam(a) demographic. The company has built a rather old- moulded and stuffy filth that caters to wealthy High Street consumers in the over-55 age bracket. This prevents the business from building a more contemporary brand personality that would attract junior and trendier fashion consumers. To better position the company, the business needs to utilise psychographics rather than demograp hic naval division and focus less on quality and more on price and fashion-forwardness. Improvements to fashion procurement, utilisation of the Internet for online purchases, social media for promotion, and lifestyle-related advertisement will improve the brand competitiveness in this highly saturated and dynamic competitive environment. Marketing analysis Marks and Spencer 1.0 Current market segments Marks and Spencer continues to attempt to attract junior consumer segments through the introduction of more contemporary fashion merchandise with edgy and trendy designs. The business, in an try to appeal to the twenty something markets, recruited models Lily Cole and Lizzie Jagger to serve as celebrity endorsers that would be aspirational to the youth, female markets (Wood and Finch 2009). However, this strategy failed to rouse interest in the M&S brand and clothing sales to the over-55 female segment pink wine by 10 percent (Wood and Finch 2009). The problem at Marks and Spencer is that the business continues to segment based on demographics. As a high street fashion business, the business maintains a premium pricing model on the majority of its fashion merchandise, thus making clothing more affordable to the older demographic. agiotage fashion products atomic number 18 segmented just below luxury brands and therefore usually carry a higher price tag (Hameide 2011). The average age of the business customers are between 35 and 54 who maintain the high level of financial resources necessary to afford a high price (Ayub 2010). The brand has been defined according to the demographic characteristics and purchasing behaviours of existing consumers, affluent middle-aged women living in wealthy regions who are the major revenue producers for the company. The business, in an effort to attract desirable target markets, recruited the 1970s model Twiggy to promote a new clothing line launch. This strategy did not appeal to the younger consumer market segments and see med to reinforce a lifestyle connection with the aging consumer target market. Joanna Lumley, from the Absolutely Fabulous craze, was also recruited to appear in and perform voiceovers for advertisements, yet some other older celebrity figure which continued to appeal to the existing, greying market (Chislett 2009). Hence, by focusing on demographic segmentation in order to identify target consumers, Marks and Spencer is limiting its ability to boost revenue production by not utilising other segmentation strategies. The company continues to utilise strategic marketing strategies that are more relevant to the lifestyles and income demographics of older

GDP and Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

GDP and Corruption - Essay ExampleThe main objective of this root word is to pulmonary tuberculosis econometrics methods to show the relationship surrounded by GDP and corruption, results show that the higher the level of corruption in a country the lower the level of GDP, correlational statistics coefficients show that as the level of corruption in a country increases GDP declines, results show that African countries have higher mean corruption levels than the another(prenominal) non African countries.A need by Mauro (1995) showed that corruption had an effect on the level of investment in a country, in his field of honor he put together out that corruption discouraged foreign direct investment. Ackerman (1998) states that if India was to reduce its corruption levels then it would attract foreign direct investment at the same level as the attraction attained through tax incentives, Another study by Tanzi and Davoodi (1997) showed that corruption tends to increase the level o f government spending, these funds are not used for their intended purpose and therefore spending on education and health is reduced resulting to poor economic growth and human capital development.Bardhan (1997) study shows that corruption also collide withs income distribution and this increases poverty levels in a country, Krueger (1994) states that corruption affects the election of leaders and the decisions made by these leaders may adversely affect the economy.The level of GDP is a key indicator of the welfare and economic development in an economy, the level of GDP in a country is obdurate by a number of factors which include the interest rates, inflation, investment, infrastructure, human capital, capital stock, production, exports and consumption, however less emphasis has been put on the importance of eliminating corruption practices as a way to influence economic growth.In this paper we focus on the effect of corruption on the GDP level of a country, we use data on corru ption indicator from transparency international and GDP level from the world bank, we use linear regression models to estimate the relationship between these variables and show that corruption affects the level of GDP, limitations include unavailability of data for countries and the violation of linear regression assumptions on auto regression given that we will be considering cross sectional data. The adjacent is a description of the data and econometric modelling. DataData used was retrieved from transparency international website that indicate corruption index for the year 2007 for countries all over the world, data on GDP in US dollars for the year 2007 was retrieved from the world bank website. A sample of 152 countries was considered in the study and this was due to the availability of data. The following chart represents the countries considered in this study where countries are categorized into African and non African countriesOnly 3 % of the countries are African eyepatc h approximately 97% were non African countries, analysis on the GDP levels showed that the mean GDP levels for non African countries was relatively higher compared to the mean GDP for African countries, the following chart summarizes the resultsResults also show that the mean corruption index value for African countries was relatively lower than the mean corrupti

Synthesis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Synthesis paper - Essay Examplei. To establish the level to which alternating air mattress overlays could be effective in preventing the incidence of such developments while in comparison with static air mattress overlays in hospitalized set-upsResults In the first comparative review by Chou and team (2013), the results confirmed the face by many studies that an alternating air mattress results t a lower incidence of crush ulcers while compared to a static air mattress. From the second review, invariant low-pressure or alternating support services result to lowered incidence rates of pressure ulcers with the hospitalized patents. In the third study, one study reviewed showed that utilise static air mattress outlays like foam mattresses for such patients would not prevent the occurrence but rather delayed it.Hospitalized patients and especially the elderly suffer an change magnitude risk of developing pressure ulcers examples of which are pressure sores, bed sores as well as dec ubitus. The ulcers take away been studies over years and the prevalence have been place to range from 0.4% to 38% within acute care settings (Chou et al, 2013). Other factors that have been pointed out to contribute towards the prevalence variance are age, body weight as well as race. There are various mechanisms that have been embraced with efforts towards reducing the risks of developing the pressure ulcers such as the use of static overlays, alternating pressure and using air fluidized beds (Fulton, Monro & Wallen, 2009). The effectiveness of either of these tools however vary and hence the necessity of such a comparison as this study. The levels of pressure ulcers within hospitalized settings have been in use for assessment of patient service and hospital safety. A principle that have been in use for preventing development of pressure ulcers have been removal of any pressure or avoidance of prolonged tissue pressure (Chu, 2013). However, it is to be

Boeing 727 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Boeing 727 - Research Paper ExampleThe company stopped its manufacturing in the course of study 1984 after the introduction of more sophisticated aircrafts. The total aircrafts so outlying(prenominal) produced were around 1832. The record sales of Boeing 727 jet airliner had broken all previous records of commercial sales (Connors, 2010). Boeing 727 had the privilege to become the best selling airline in the history of aviation. Although Boeing 737 has crossed the sales ever recorded, but Boeing 727 holds a permanent place in the history of aviation as one of the most substantive airplanes whose role in the development of Global Transportation System is unforgettable (Connors, 2010). Apart from domestic medium range flights, Boeing 727 created a niche the world everyplace and fame amongst the international passenger airliners. The range of flights, the airliner could cover with additional third engine meant that Boeing 727 proved efficient service concerning short and medium rang e international flights in many areas around the globe. Prior to its operations, four engine jet airliners were required for crossing the oceans (Connors, 2010). One can gauge its performance capabilities with the factor that 727 were used as cargo airlines and charter airlines with famous service providers thus found a secondary market. Take the example of FedEx, the largest courier service of the world, introduced this fleet in the class 1978. This has played a vital role in the business of FedEx until its replacement with Boeing 757 for their courier service due to promulgation of noise regulations in the United States of America. For decades, Boeing was considered as workhorse by the major cargo airliners. However, services of Boeing 727 are still available for passengers in those countries, where noise regulations have not been introduced so far (Eden, 2008). Further, Boeing 727 proved to be a popular airliner, which serves on the airports, having lightly improved runways. Oth ers used it to transport passengers to picnic resorts and cruise and vice versa. Carnival Cruise Lines is the best example of development 727 and 737 to transport their passengers to cities who took abode on their ships. Nowadays, Con Air, currently using in place of 727 aircrafts to transport prisoners to and from prisons, detaining centers, courts and other places where they are required to be transported (Eden, 2008). In the year 1971, some structural changes have taken place to enhance by placing therein more powerful engine, extended fuel capacity in its current feature of Boeing 727-200. This had improved its range capability, efficient runway performance with a new wide body look (Norris & Wagner, 1999). This has further improved by inserting other stark(a) weight boost from its minimum 77,122 kg to maximum 86,600 kg. In the year 1972, it has further increased to 208,000 together with the purchase of three heavy weights. The highest gross weight of 727 was raised to the l evel of 95,300 kg (Norris & Wagner, 1999). Boeing 727 was declared as one of the best selling commercial airliners in the history of airline in 1972. In the year 1983, orders reached up to the mark of 1,831. With the passage of time, the Boeing 737 surpassed all the previous records it made, nevertheless 727 still holds a dominant place in the history of aviation. The most strong role played by this airliner created a lasting impression in the promotion of aviation business (Connors, 2010). Boeing 727 aircrafts

Assess the recent performance and future prospects of any commercial Essay

Assess the recent performance and future prospects of any commercial bank known to you - Essay ExampleUBS is one of the best-capitalized pecuniary institutions in the world, with invested assets of 2.2 trillion Swiss francs, shareholders equity of 35.4 billion Swiss francs and market capitalization of 95.4 billion Swiss francs. UBS is present in all major pecuniary centers worldwide, with offices in 50 countries. UBS employs 65,929 people, 40% of whom are located in Switzerland, 39% in the Americas, 15% in Europe and 6% in Asia.As an integrate firm, UBS creates added value for clients by drawing on the combined resources and expertise of all its businesses. As an organization, UBS combines financial strength with a global culture that embraces change.In the 10 years before their merger, both banks had made a series of purchases to increase their enthronisation banking presence. The most significant was the 1995 acquisition of SG Warburg, a venerable London investment-banking firm , by SBC. S.G. Warburg, was founded London in the 1930s and reached prominence after the Second World War.UBS strengths have traditionally lain in Europe. But the bank is seeking to raise its juicy in the US. In the 1990s in the US, it acquired Dillon Read, a corporate finance specialist and OConnor, a derivatives specialist. In 2000 it acquired Paine Webber, a US Stock broker and investment bank for $10.8bn (8.3bn, $5.7bn). UBS has also been boosting its US corporate finance and equities teams with additional hires.UBS has almost $2 trillion in personal and corporate assets invested, among the worlds largest asset pools. With acquisitions such as Sauerborn, UBS is pursuing a bold strategy that is not without risks. It is expanding rapidly beyond its Swiss base. It is also taking on clients, such as those at Sauerborn, who had chosen not to put their wealth in the hands of a big institution and who may be skeptical about staying with a money coach as giant as UBS. But UBS figures if it can win the confidence of these top business families its position in Europes

'The Secret Garden' by Frances Hodgson Burnett, it is frequently said, Essay

The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett, it is frequently said, shows us the triumph of patriarchy. To what extent is this statement valid - Essay ExampleMary is sent to do it temporarily at the English clergyman, Crawfords house until she was to travel to her uncle in England. It seems Mary is passed from one patriarch to another in a patriarchal beingness. Basil Crawford acts like a young patriarch by singing and leading the other children to sing a rhyme to make fun of Mary and bully her.Mary goes to live at her uncle Archibalds Misselthwaite manor house, where the staff relate stories about Archibalds patriarchy. Mrs. Medlock, Archibalds housekeeper, tells Mary that she sacrificed attending her nieces wedding because she wanted to keep her job and do at once what Mr. Archibald ratter told her to do. She never dared admit a question. (Burnett 1994). Mary is introduced to the patriarchal world of Archibald. Martha, the maid, reveals that the secret garden used to be the lo vers paradise that only Mr. and Mrs. Craven were allowed to access.. The secret garden is an enclosed shoes that symbolises the womans space that is sharply defined away from the mans space. (Knauss 1987). Archibald appreciated the honor of sharing in it. He understood that it was his wifes sanctuary in her male dominated world of patriarchy. He allowed it when she was alive. After her death, Archibald felt helpless and needed to regain some conquer. The secret garden is opened with a symbolic key. This key denotes power and understanding. When Mrs. Craven died, Archibald does not understand his grief. He hides the key because he desires to exert his power through his patriarchy, which keeps his staff subdued and powerless. (Russell 2002). Marthas mother, Mrs. Sowerby, understands the need for a lonely female to do some gardening. She predicts correctly that Mary might like to do some gardening of her proclaim. The garden is viewed as a type of female utopia where the female has her own private domain to rule. (Qian Ma 2004). Mary may not understand the psychology behind her action and none of this explanation is necessary in this lock as it belongs to childrens literature. Burnett uses an older or adult character (Martha) to explain the difficult concepts in the story in a simple way. Martha helps Mary to settle into Misselthwaite Manor by making her as comfortable as possible in Archibalds patriarchal household. Even the male gardener, Ben Weatherstaff, exercised his own air of patriarchy when he by design avoids her. Although Mary has a higher social status than himself, he is not a servant to be merely commanded by them (members of his employers family) to do things. (Burnett 1994). However, Ben is subject to his employer, Archibalds patriarchy, which rules over his own.Archibald ultimately consents to see Mary only after Mrs. Susan Sowerby talks to him about it. This is evidence that Archibald is a flexible patriarch who listens to advice. He is kin d to Mary and readily gives her authorization to do and have what she likes. Archibald does not seem to be a triumphant patriarch who gives orders to his charge. Mary observes that he is really a nice man, only his face is so miserable and his forehead is all drawn together. Mary loves her secret garden. The secret garden with its isolation is a sign of rebellion against the surroundings of patriarchy. (Abalos 2002). She is under the control of her uncle, who exerts secondary control over her by his orders to his servants. Mary complained that she has nothing to do and nothing

British Airways Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

British Airways - Assignment ExampleBritish Airways is the largest airline in the get together Kingdom. It has been the leader in innovations. Summerfield (2005) reports an innovative way that the airline allows its staff to be involved in the decision making process, British Airways learning division has utilize to promote organizational values is its Owning Our Future program. We live in a modern society that is extremely dynamic especially due to technology. With the addition of the profit and technology, the demands and challenges of the corporate world requires companies to develop product/process innovations and new production/technological developments. This is crucial in meeting the ever-changing demands of consumers. British Airways must besides use innovative products and processes in order to deal with the negative aspects of business. An increase in income, quality of life, social factors, and mobility has increased the number of air passengers. Easier bookings and res ervations, discounted pricing, and convenience ar advantages that have been provided to consumers via technology and the Internet. With these advantages in addition come disadvantages in the current global marketplace. The cost of labour, maintenance, fuel, etc. also produces demands on British airways. The market is intensely warlike hence, the airline must employ innovative tactics in order to manage the dynamic industry. It uses the Internet to sell tickets and to develop its marketing environment. British Airways also focused on their human resource and its relationship with employees. A psychological contract and reward system are two main targets. British Airways Waterside (1994-2002) reports that, British Airways wanted to change the way they did business by introducing some new working practices. Among the things they set out to achieve were streamlined communications, minimizing paper and working more effectively as a team. In order to achieve these objectives a compreh ensive educational program was designed. This British Airways 4was initially

Disscusion 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disscusion 1 - Essay ExampleThis negativity is what leads to cohabitation effect (which is an association between cohabitation and poor marital outcome) and what discourages some sight (such as the staunch Christians, the aged or those who moderate had previous experience) from cohabiting.Commitment theory is used to explain and get out people understand how cohabitation leads to divorce or even distress. The theory is divided into two commitments the dedication and constraint commitments. Dedication commitment explains how couples who stay together have dreams and plans about their long term future and is also characterized by putting the needs of the other partner first. In cases of cohabitation, dedication is minimal and hence partners finale up leaving each other. The constraint commitment on the other hand explains how there are forces in a birth that facilitate people leaving or having unhappy relationships including values, childrens welfare and even social pressure.Prema rital and marital counseling according to Hawkins (1991) insists on ensuring strong healthy relationship that is based on a long term commitment to a partner. It is the lack of this long term commitment (brought about by cohabiting which is not a long term commitment) that leads to break up of couples relationship and an increase in divorce cases.Premarital counseling advocates for confabulation when couples are in a relationship. This communication leads to deeper intimacy, love, understanding and having tolerance to each other and to the relationship issues in general. People in a cohabitation type of relationship do not feel pull and hence do not bother with issues of thinking and planning about the future let alone dedicate themselves to open communication. This sets up a heavy(a) example to others cohabiting or wanting to cohabit and hence the negative attitude towards this form of relationship.The negative

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria - Essay ExampleThe tasks that exist in the available data for ABR is the fact that the inform cases are just approximations as given by various national summary tables which are able to give only a rough cipher of the real burden of illness. Thus there is no great precision in these figures and the real number of infections and deaths are therefore definitely higher than the figures provided. This problem can be overcome by doing studies in limited settings such a single hospital or a cluster of hospitals where the actual figures are taken (WHO, 2014).Resistance can be tackled by using antibiotics only on prescription by a certified health practitioner, completing rise treatment dose, even after healing and avoiding sharing of antibiotics with other people or taking leftover prescriptions. The methods that have little impact are the ones that are single and isolated interventions such as prescription and dispensation of the right drugs without much education to the patient. These studies lack accuracy since the data used is only estimates. An appropriate engage should be done in a limited setting and should be conclusive taking into account the cost and specific type of resistance witnessed and by what particular bacteria (WHO,

Rationale and Analysis for Agency Selected Essay

Rationale and Analysis for Agency Selected - Essay ExampleThis law was amenable for transferring the services of INS to the department in charge of homeland security (Doak, 2012). The enforcement of immigration functions was the responsibility of the Immigration and Customs Unit. Immigration services on the other devote became the functions of USCIS. On the 1st of March 2003, INS officially ceased to operate, and the services it offered were taken over by USCIS. The first director of this organization was Eduardo Aguirre (Doak, 2012). Emilio Gonzalez became the next director of this agency, until 2008. In 2009, US president Barrack Obama nominated Alejandro Moyorkas as the next director. The main mission of this department is to oversee a lawful immigration into the country. The organization aims to achieve half-dozen meaning(a) goals, name i. Strengthening the integrity and security system of the department. ii. Provision of information concerning immigration issues. iii. To sup port the integration of immigrants and ensure their participation in the American civil culture. iv. Developing flexible immigration programs and policies. v. To strengthen the resources that jockstraps the organization to achieve its mission. vi. Ensuring efficient service delivery through the promotion of talented employees, and development of a dynamic work culture. Agency Functions The main responsibilities of USCIS include the processing of visa, naturalization, and asylum petitions. The agency is in addition responsible for making adjudicative decisions whose main performances are set up at the service centers. This department also concerns itself with other immigration duties, apart from the enforcement of immigration laws (Berchard and Elgersma, 2012). USCIS also performs the following function i. Determining claims in relation to the might of the issuance of asylum. ii. Provision of schedules that authorize the employment of an individual. iii. It adjudicates over the petitions that involve temporary workers who are non-immigrant. iv. It also grants lawful permanency status to an immigrant. v. It also issues a document that proves an individual is a citizen of United States. The USCIS mainly serves the immigrants, and it focuses on two main areas in relation to the civic integration of the immigrant. That is when an immigrant becomes a permanent resident of the US, and when they seize on the formal process of naturalization. A legally recognized permanent resident of United States qualifies to be its citizen, only after holding a permanent residency card. The time limit is at least five continuous years. It is only after fulfilling these conditions that USCIS can issue an individual with a certicate that proves he or she is a citizen of the country. Agency News As of March 2013 to date, the organization is currently training more than 399 new officers, for purposes of ensuring that they are efficient in whatever they do. Employee trainings are an important element in personnel management. This is because employees are able to acquire skills that will help them in efficiently carrying out their mandate. Training will also help employees to be fully integrated into the culture of the organization. This is because they will learn the mission objectives and goals of the organization, and as such, their trainers will make them to acquire such goals as their own. The organization has also hosted some coaching sessions targeting senior executives of the agency. More than 80

Internet Marketing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet Marketing Analysis - Essay ExampleIndeed, there are various advantages of using the meshwork for the purposes of promoting a brand or overlap as outlined in this report.During the contemporary period, new information and communication technology (ICT) has revolutionised the ways of communication and doing business. The advent of the internet has brought about new features that make communication relatively easy and raise reach a wide range of people located in diverse geographical areas. Thus according to Clow ( ), specially designed websites are employ by various organisations as peters to market their products. It should follow from the given scenario that Starbucks can effectively harness the use of the internet to market its Kiosks. Through the use of different search engines, the customers can discover for the first time a product hence the need for Starbucks to use as many key words as possible for the purposes of search engines as well as attractive websites to bewitch the interests of the customers.Web designers should mainly target to use fancier banners characterised by flashing images, graphics as well as streaming videos that can be used to garner the attention of the customers. The use of websites is justifiable in most cases because they promote branding of a product which is very essential in attracting the clients to purchase that exceptional product. An integrated marketing communications (IMC) plan that emphasises that the brand is a product with high quality should maintain the same theme on the website. Seattles outstrip Coffee Express Kiosks websites should serve to reinforce the integrated communications theme emphasised in other media and having dome this, the internet becomes a valuable tool in the development of the brand. This then becomes a very important step in creating brand awareness as well as brand knowledge. Although publicize is a major

Marketing Mix of Fuze Drinks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Mix of fusee Drinks - Essay ExampleFuze Drinks sets to establish itself as a flavored beverage. The brand to a fault aims to establish itself as a nutritional ingredient in the market. In Brazil the merchandise should feature with lot more re parvenual and it should try to introduce new flavor so that it may try to satisfy the wide taste and preference of the Brazilians. Generally the product is lendable in seven base color varieties and it is also available in five slenderize flavor varieties. (DBR staff writer) The product should aim to grab the attention of mickle of all generation. Generally in Brazil the demand for drinks and beverage is high and the product is expected to do a good amount of business if marketed properly. put down The next element of the marketing mix is place. In order to make the product popular, the availability of the product should be made abundant. The product should feature in popular areas and in places where there is much more probabili ty of the product to get sold. Efforts should be made so that abundant quantity of the drink is available near schools, colleges, offices, shopping malls, entertainment parks, community halls. The product also needs to be available in local retail stores. Initially the product should be targeted to sell in the urban and the popular areas of Brazil and with increase in popularity, the product should be aimed to be introduced in the rural areas as well. ... Though the mien of intermediaries also demands a share of the profit but the mass sale of soft drinks does not harm the cause of overall profitability. Promotion As Fuze Drink is a new product in the Brazilian market, effective and strong promotion is required to create awareness among the people regarding the launch ofthe new drinks. The popular mode of promotion needs to be utilized to their full extent. Fuze Drinks have already established a good market in USA. The brand popularity in USA needs to be used in the Brazilian marke t to prove its stand among the other competitors. The mass promotion by a Brand ambassador is a common way to reach out to people. Extensive advertisement in the media needs to be done. As the product is new, banners and cutouts describing about the product should be made visible in important parts of the city. To provide a taste of the product, distribution of some free samples bear also be a lucrative idea. Introductory offers and discounts should also be made to create interest among the general public. Promotion over the web distance is also a must as it is the most popular source of media in the present generation. Price Setting up a comparative outlay range is crucial for the success of a product in is initial days. Often people have the perception that price determines the quality of a product. merely as a new entrant in the market Fuze Drink should mark the price of its product in reach of average customers and also in parity with the price of other drinks available in t he market. In The United States, Fuze Drink in 18 oz bottle is priced around $ 2 to $ 2.50.( Patrice)In Brazil the cost of .33 liter of coke and Pepsi ranges around

Anthropology of Social Networking Websites Research Paper

Anthropology of Social Networking Websites - Research Paper ExampleThis paper stresses that public lecture from anthropological perspective, one can say that the system of kinship includes people who have blood relationship between them or those who are living as a family. People unremarkably create their own definitions of family. They can make a decision on adding or not adding people to their social networks depending on whether they trust them or not. In this way, they usually do not define kinship as blood relationships and add such relationships to the definition of family that may make up ones mind their lives at some point of time without having any blood relationship with them. Therefore, we can say that social networking websites have changed the dimensions of actual anthropology of kinship in forthwiths world of digital media. People have forgotten that real life is different from what we feel it in internets social networks. Socio-cultural anthropologists bank that a lthough there are many positive effects of social networking websites on the development of relationships within extended families, there also exist some concerns for nuclear families. For example, some people, especially children, make excessive use of social networking websites, which results in less face-to-face interactions between them and their family members living under the same roof. People usually send comments and messages to friends and ignore their actual relations. Such changes in behaviors of people decrease affection and care that people normally have for their closest family members living under the same roof.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 38

Strategic Management - Essay ExampleAccording McKienan and Carter, supply enables the company or organization to set priorities focus energies and resources, strengthen operations and ensures employees and stakeholders are working towards a common goal (2000). It helps managers to establish the objectives they want to achieve and the intended out practice from their activities and assess and adjust the organization direction in response to the changing market structure. To achieve all these management needs to come up with a strategic plan that pull up stakes guide them in management.A strategic plan is a document used to communicate the organizational objectives and goals that focuses on the actions that needed to be taken to realize these goals. Strategic management is guided by that written document. Clark maintains that strategic management transforms the static plan into a structure that provides strategic performance response to decision-making process and enables it to gro w and adjust to changes (2004). Execution of the plan is synonymous with management, and it results in a systematic implementation of the plan.A good strategy tends to answer three critical questions that are where is the organization at the moment? Where does it want to go? And, how will it get there? It should conceive the end always. It is not about predicting the future it is about preparing for it with the exact steps the company has to follow in mind in order to gain a competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is what keeps a company ahead of others in the same industry. According to Lowendahl and Revang, a company with a competitive advantage will perform fairly better than the rest in terms of revenue development and customers satisfaction (2004). Planning is not guarantee that companies will achieve much competitive advantage over the rest, but it is an essential process that can enhance sustainability of the company in the business.Strategy

Georgia Atlantic Company Essay Example for Free

tabun Atlantic Company EssayDuring the depression of the 1930s, Ben Jenkins, Sr., a wealthy, expansion-oriented ram jacket whose family had been in the timberland business in the southeastern United States for several(prenominal) generations, began to acquire small, depressed sawmills and wholesale lumber companies. These businesses prospered during World War II. After the war, Jenkins judge that the enquire for lumber would surge, so he aggressively sought new timberlands to supply his sawmills. In 1954, all of Jenkinss companies were consolidated, along with some other autonomous lumber and milling companies, into a single corporation, the Georgia Atlantic Company. By the end of 1992, Georgia Atlantic was a major force in the lumber industry, though not one of the giants. Still, it possessed more timber and timberlands in relation to its use of timber than any other lumber gild. Worldwide demand for lumber was strong in spite of a soft world economy, and its timber supp ly should puzzle put Georgia Atlantic in a good position. With its assured supply of pulpwood, the company could run its mills at a steady rate and, thus, at a low per-unit production cost. However, the company does not have sufficient manufacturing capacity to fully utilize its timber supplies so it has been forced to sell raw timber to other lumber companies to breed cash flow, losing potential profits in the process.Georgia Atlantic has enjoyed rapid growth in both sales and assets. This rapid growth has, however, caused some monetary problems as indicated in Table 1. The condensed balance sheets shown in the table reveal that Georgia Atlantics financial leverage has increased substantially in the last 10 age, while the firms liquidity position markedly deteriorated over the same period. Remember, though, that the balance sheet figures reflect historical costs, and that the foodstuff orders of the assets could be much higher than the values shown on the balance sheet.For e xample, Georgia Atlantic purchased 10,000 acres of cut timberland in southern Georgia in 1961 for $10 per acre, then planted trees which ar now mature. The value ofthis acreage and its timber is estimated at $2,750 per acre, even though it is shown on the firms balance sheet at $230 per acre, the original $10 plus capital of the United Statesized planting costs. Note also that this particular asset and others like it have produced zero account income indeed, expenses associated with this acreage have produced accounting losses.When Georgia Atlantic was originally organized, most of the outstanding variant was owned by the senior Jenkins and members of his family. Over time, however, the familys self-will position has gradually declined overdue to the sale of new common stock to fund expansion. In 1987, Ben Jenkins, Sr. died the presidency of the firm was passed to his son, Ben Jenkins, Jr., who was 61 at the time. By the end of 1992, the Jenkins family held only about 35 percen t of Georgia Atlantics common stock, and this represented essentially their entire net worth.The family has sought to pay the firms growth with internally generated funds to the greatest extent possible. Hence, Georgia Atlantic has never declared a cash dividend, nor has it had a stock dividend or a stock split. Due to the plowback of earnings, the stock currently sells for almost $2,000 per share. The family has stated a strong belief that investors prefer low-payout stocks because of their tax advantages, and they also speak out that stock dividends and stock splits serve no useful purposethey merely create more pieces of paper but no incremental value for shareholders.Finally, the family feels that higher- scathed stocks are more attractive to investors because the percentage brokerage commissions on small purchases of higher-priced stocks are lower than on large purchases of lower-priced shares. They cite the example of Berkshire-Hathaway, whose stock price has move up phenom enally even though it now sells for over $15,000 per share and pays no dividends. (The family does ac have intercourseledge, though, that Warren Buffett, Berkshires chairman, has done a superb job of managing the companys assets, and that the rise of its stock price reflects that factor as well as Buffetts financial policies.)As the date for Georgia Atlantics yearly stockholders meeting approached, Mary Goalshen, the corporate secretary, informed Ben Jenkins, Jr., who is commonly called young at the company, that an unusually low number of shareholders had sent in their proxies. Goalshen felt that this might be due to rising discontent over the firms dividend indemnity. During the last two years, the average payout for firms in the paper and forest products industry has been about 35 percent yet for the 58th straight year, Georgia Atlantics board, under the Jenkins familys dominance, chose not to pay a dividend in 1992.The Jenkins family was also aware that several reports in the financial press in recent months indicated that Georgia Atlantic was a possible target of a takeover attempt. Since the family did not want to ache control of the company, they were anxious to keep the firms stockholders as happy as possible. Accordingly, Junior announced that the directors would hold a special meeting forthwith after the annual meeting to consider whether the firms dividend policy should be changed.Junior instructed Abe Markowitz, Georgia Atlantics financial vice president, to distinguish and then evaluate alternative dividend policies in preparation for the special board meeting. He asked Markowitz to consider cash dividends, stock dividends, and stock splits. Markowitz then identified sestet proposals that he thought deserved further consideration(1) No currency Dividends, No Stock Dividend or Split. This was the position Markowitz was certain that Junior and the family would support, both for the reasons assumption above and also because he thought the co mpany, as evidenced by the balance sheet, was in no position to pay cash dividends.(2) Immediate hard currency Dividend, but No Stock Dividend or Split. This was simply the opposite of the no dividend policy. If a cash dividend policy were instituted, its size would still be an issue.(3) Immediate funds Dividend plus a Large Stock Split. The stock split would be designed to lower the price of the firms stock from its current price of almost $2,000 per share to somewhere in the average price range of other large forest products stocks, or from $20 to $40 per share.(4) Immediate Cash Dividend plus a Large Stock Dividend. The reasoning underlying this policy would be essentially the same as that of Alternative 3.(5) Cash Dividend, Stock Split, and biweekly Stock Dividends. This policy would require the company to declare an immediate cash dividend and, simultaneously, to announce a sizable stock split. This policy would go further than Alternatives 3 and 4 in that, after the cash di vidend and stock split or large stock dividend, the company would periodically declare smaller stock dividends get even in value to the earnings retain during the period. In effect, if the firm earned $3 per share in any given period-quarter, semi-annual period, and so onand retained $1.50 per share, the company would also declare a stock dividend of a percentage amount equal to $1.50 divided by the market price of the stock. Thus, if the firms shares were selling for $30 when the cash dividend was remunerative, a 5 percent stock dividend would be declared.(6) Share Repurchase Plan. This plan is based on the premise that investors in the aggregate would like to see the company distribute some cash, but that some stockholders would not want to receive cash dividends because they want to minimize their taxes. on a lower floor the repurchase plan, individual stockholders could decide for themselves whether or not to sell some or all of their hares and thus to realize some cash and some capital gains, depending on their own situations.To begin his evaluation, Markowitz collected the data shown in Tables 2 and 3. As he was looking over these figures, Markowitz wondered what effect, if any, Georgia Atlantics dividend policy had on the companys stock price as compared to the prices of other stocks. Markowitz is also aware of one other issue, but it is one that neither he nor anyone else has had the nerve to bring up. Junior is now 66 years old, which is hardly ancient but he is in poor health, and in recent years he has been almost obsessed with the idea of avoiding taxes.Further, the federal estate tax rate is currently 60 percent, and additional state estate taxes would be due so well over half of Juniors net worth as of the date of his death will have to be paid out in estate taxes. Since estate taxes are based on the value of the estate on the date of death, to minimize his estates taxes, Junior might not want the value of the company to be maximized until af ter his death. Markowitz does not know Juniors view of this, but he does know that his tax advisors have thought it through and have explained it to him.Finally, Markowitz knows that several Wall Street firms have been analyzing Georgia Atlantics breakup value, or the value of the company if it were broken up and sold in pieces. He has heard breakup value estimates as high as $3,500 per share, primarily because other lumber companies, including Japanese and European companies, are eager to buy prime properties such as those owned by Georgia Atlantic. Of course, Georgia Atlantic could sell assets on its own, but Markowitz does not expect that to happen as long as Junior is in control.Now assume that you are an outside consultant and have been hired by Abe Markowitz to help him with the analysis and make a presentation to the executive committee. First, Abe is not sure whether an announced dividend policy is a good idea. He believes an announced policy could cause the firm to feel for ced to take actions that otherwise would be undesirable. He has also expressed concern about foretoken and clientele effects. As old man Jenkins used to say, If it aint broke, dont fix it.Thus, analyze the firms present dividend policy to determine how well the company has performed compared to other firms in the industry before discussing the implications of the alternative dividend policies and making a recommendation. Markowitz also wants you to discuss whether the firms historical rate of return on investment has been affected by its dividend policy, the estate tax issue, and the takeover issue.Junior is famous for asking tough questions and then crucifying the mortal being questioned if he or she has trouble responding. That is probably why Markowitz wants you to make the presentation. So be sure that you thoroughly understand the issues and your answers so that you can portion out any follow-up questions that you might receive.